FlyBase:GBrowse Tracks
Reference Genome Annotations (Iso-1)
Gene Span Shows the total extent of the transcribed region of an annotated gene (including non-coding genes), with direction of transcription indicated. No transcript substructure is shown; corresponds to the entire extent defined by all annotated transcripts. Hyperlinked to Gene Report; label shows FlyBase gene symbol.
Transcript SO:0000673::/cgi-bin/cvreport.html?id=SO:0000673 Shows the exon (wider bars) and intron (black line) structure of each annotated coding transcript, with direction of transcription indicated. Hyperlinked Transcript Report; if label option is on, shows FlyBase symbol.
CDS Shows extent of sequence encoding each specific polypeptide, with direction of transcription indicated; introns indicated as narrow lines. Hyperlinked to Polypeptide Report; if label option is on, shows FlyBase symbol.
Natural TE SO:0000101::/cgi-bin/cvreport.html?id=SO:0000101 Shows the extent of a natural transposable element in the sequenced strain (at the time it was sequenced). Hyperlinked to Natural Transposon Report::/static_pages/newhelp/natural_transposon_help.html; if label option is on, shows FlyBase symbol.
Repeat region Regions of genomic repeats and low complexity DNA sequences, as computed using RepeatMasker and RepeatRunner (Smith, et al., 2007).
General
Estimated Cytological band Approximate extent of the classical cytological chromosome bands described by Bridges. See Computed cytological data in FlyBase for a detailed description of how this computed cytological location is calculated. See Sorsa polytene maps for a collection of EM micrographs of chromosome regions aligned to Bridges' maps.
3-frame translation (forward) If zoomed out (greater than 400bp), shows ticks at sites of stop codons for the three frames on the forward strand. If zoomed in (400bp or less), shows predicted translations for each frame, using single-letter amino acid code.
3-frame translation (reverse) If zoomed out (greater than 400bp), shows ticks at sites of stop codons for the three frames on the reverse strand. If zoomed in (400bp or less), shows predicted translations for each frame, using single-letter amino acid code.
DNA/GC Content If zoomed out (greater than 100bp) shows a graphic of GC content calculated over 10bp intervals. If zoomed in (100bp or less), shows the double-stranded DNA sequence.
Aligned Evidence
cDNA D. melanogaster cDNA sequences submitted to the sequence databases; shows the exon (wider bars) and intron (black line) structure, and direction of transcription. Sequences submitted prior to 2003 aligned using sim4 (Florea, et al., 1998, Genome Res. 8:967-74) or sim4tandem (sim4 modified by S. Shu, BDGP) to Release 3 by the BDGP and promoted to Releases 4 and 5 by FlyBase. Sequences submitted since 2003 aligned to Releases 4 and 5 by NCBI and submitted to FlyBase. Some genomic DNA submissions, including TPA submissions, are included in this tier.
EST ("expressed sequence tag") Indicated in light green. Partial sequence of a cDNA; shows the exon (wider bars) and intron (narrow bars) structure, and direction of transcription. D. melanogaster EST sequences submitted to the sequence databases prior to 2003 aligned using sim4 (Florea, et al., 1998, Genome Res. 8:967-74) to Release 3 by the BDGP and promoted to Releases 4 and 5 by FlyBase. D. melanogaster EST sequences submitted since 2003 aligned to Releases 4 and 5 by NCBI and submitted to FlyBase.
mRNA D. melanogaster mRNA sequences submitted to the sequence databases; shows the exon (wider bars) and intron (narrow bars) structure, and direction of transcription. Sequences are aligned to Release 5 by NCBI and submitted to FlyBase. These mRNA sequences frequently reflect composite assemblies of a conceptual transcript and therefore may not be available as reagents.
other aligned sequences D. melanogaster aligned nucleotides submitted to the sequence databases. These aligned sequences were generally submitted prior to 2003 and aligned using sim4 (Florea, et al., 1998, Genome Res. 8:967-74) or sim4tandem (sim4 modified by S. Shu, BDGP) to Release 3 by the BDGP and promoted to Releases 4 and 5 by FlyBase. Some genomic DNA submissions, including TPA submissions, are included in this tier.
RNA-Seq based exon junctions FBlc0000204, FBlc0000203
PeptideAtlas peptides Indicated in yellow. Alignment of peptide sequences determined by mass spectroscopy, derived from polypeptides isolated from the sequenced strain at various developmental stages. Contributed by the Center for Model Organism Proteomes, SystemsX and Research Priority Project of the University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Mapped Mutations
Transgene insertion site SO:0000368 Indicated by blue triangles (which indicate orientation of the transgene insertion site) or diamonds (if orientation is not known). An insertion indicated by a downward-pointing triangle is oriented with its conventional 5' terminus to the left (assuming view is in conventional orientation of the Drosophila chromosome); this is described as being in the "plus" orientation. An insertion indicated by a upward-pointing triangle is oriented with its conventional 5' terminus to the right (assuming view is in conventional orientation of the Drosophila chromosome); this is described as being in the "minus" orientation. Hyperlinked to an Insertion Report; if label option is on, shows FlyBase symbol. NOTE: If the "Flip" option is selected, the orientations of the insertion triangles do not change and thus will be incorrect. For a guide on how to work out the orientation of an insertion relative to a transcript of interest, see this short powerpoint presentation.
Point mutation SO:1000008 A single nucleotide has been changed into another nucleotide. Location of mutation is indicated with a grey bar and labeled with the FlyBase allele symbol.
Sequence variant SO:0000109 A region of sequence where variation has been observed. Often these refer to natural variants of a protein that lead to two different functions. The location of the mutation is indicated with a grey bar and labeled with the FlyBase allele symbol.
Uncharacterized change in nucleotide sequence SO:1000007 The nature of the nucleotide substitution is either uncharacterized or only partially characterized. The location of the mutation is indicated with grey bar and labeled with the FlyBase allele symbol.
Aberration junction SO:0000687 Location of aberration breakpoint reported in the literature. Labeled with FlyBase aberration symbol designation and the numerical designation of the breakpoint mapped (where known). Generally the exact breakpoint location is unknown and the feature indicates a range within which the breakpoint has been mapped. References and supporting information available in the "Mapped features and mutations" section of the Gene Report for a nearby gene; genetic data available in the Aberration Report.
Complex substitution SO:1000005 The mutation occurred from a mutation event that cannot be determined from the observed DNA change. Location of mutation is indicated with a grey bar and labeled with the FlyBase allele symbol.
Indels SO:1000032 The junction where an insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides occurred. Location of mutation is indicated with a grey bar and labeled with the FlyBase allele symbol. In the case of deletions, the extent of the deletion is indicated by a grey bar. In the case of insertions, the location of the nucleotide(s) insertion is indicated by a vertical grey line.
Rescue fragment SO:0000411 Locations of transgenic rescue fragment reported in the literature. Labeled with FlyBase allele symbol designation. Reference and supporting information available in the "Mapped features and mutations" section of the Gene Report; genetic data available in the Allele Report.
Gene Predictions
NCBI gnomon, 2014 Gene model prediction, transcript prediction.
NCBI gnomon, 2006 (coding region of transcript) generated via a hidden Markov model using transcript alignment constraints and protein hit information, if available; allows prediction of alternatively spliced isoforms (Souvorov, et al., 2006, NCBI); submitted by J. Ostell.
CONTRAST (coding region of transcript) using a semi-Markov conditional random field (Gross, Do, and Batzoglou, 2005, BCATS 2005 Symposium Proceedings, p. 82); submitted by S. Batzoglou.
PhyloCSF (CONGO) Exon prediction. Region of sequence conservation across multiple Drosophila species, with a pattern of conservation indicative of a protein-coding extent and termini consistent with exon structure (start, splice or stop); submitted by M. Lin and M. Kellis.
Similarity: Synteny features
Proteins (aligned by BLAST)
Dmel proteins D. melanogaster protein sequences submitted to the sequence databases. Sequences submitted prior to 2003 aligned by BLASTX to Release 3 by the BDGP and promoted to Releases 4 and 5 by FlyBase. Sequences submitted since 2003 aligned by TBLASTN to Releases 4 and 5 by NCBI and submitted to FlyBase.
Other proteins Protein sequences submitted to the sequence databases since 2003, from species other than D. melanogaster; aligned by TBLASTN to Releases 4 and 5 by NCBI and submitted to FlyBase.
Synteny Features
Orthologs. Indicated by yellow bar covering extent of the orthologous region. Mousing over this bar will cause a pop-up box to appear which will contain links for all of the orthologs of the gene. The ortholog box will contain the drosophilid orthologs on the left and other orthologs on the right.
Blast Hit
Blast HSP If entry into GBrowse was via a linked hit using the FlyBase Blast tool, the extent of the aligned region is shown as a vertical grey bar that extends through all the GBrowse tiers.
Noncoding Features
Insulators class I FBlc0000058
Insulators class II FBlc0000059
Protein binding site. Indicated by grey bar. Locations of protein binding site reported in the literature, as compiled by FlyBase and/or FlyReg). Reference and supporting information available in the "Mapped features and mutations" section of the Gene Report
Enhancers FBlc0000415
Silencers FBlc0000414
Regulatory region. Indicated by grey bar. Location of regulatory feature reported in the literature. Reference and supporting information available in the "Mapped features and mutations" section of the Gene Report.
TFBS – HOT sot analysis FBlc0000258
TFBS – zinc finger domain FBlc0000293 FBlc0000299 FBlc0000300 FBlc0000303 FBlc0000304 FBlc0000308 FBlc0000309 FBlc0000314 FBlc0000315 FBlc0000316 FBlc0000318 FBlc0000320 FBlc0000326
TFBS – homeodomain FBlc0000287 FBlc0000288 FBlc0000295 FBlc0000296 FBlc0000297 FBlc0000298 FBlc0000305 FBlc0000312 FBlc0000324 FBlc0000325
TFBS – helix-loop-helix domain FBlc0000292 FBlc0000302 FBlc0000307 FBlc0000323
TFBS – BTB/POZ domain FBlc0000286 FBlc0000289 FBlc0000321 FBlc0000322
TFBS – other FBlc0000290 FBlc0000291 FBlc0000294 FBlc0000301 FBlc0000306 FBlc0000310 FBlc0000311 FBlc0000313 FBlc0000317 FBlc0000319
Chromatin domains (5-state model, Kc cells) FBlc0000187
Chromatin domains (9-state model, S2 cells) FBlc0000199
Chromatin domains (9-state model, BG3 cells) FBlc0000200
Origins of replication FBlc0000188
Putative brain enhancers (Pfeiffer et al.) FBlc0000201
Expression Levels: MicroArray
Timecourse, cDNA (Arbeitman et al.). Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002)
Timecourse, amplicons (Gauhar et al.). Drosophila melanogaster life-cycle gene expression dataset. Gauhar and Ghanim et al. (2008.10.3) original data from Stolc and Gauhar et al. (2004).
Tissue Expression, Affy2 (FlyAtlas) FBlc0000157, FBlc0000175
Expression Levels: RNA-Seq
Developmental stage subsets (Baylor) FBlc0000060
Developmental stage subsets, unique reads (modENCODE) FBlc0000085
Tissue culture cells (modENCODE Transcription Group) FBlc0000116
Tissue culture cells, by strand (modENCODE Transcription Group) FBlc0000260
Treatments/Conditions FBlc0000236
Expression Levels: RNA-Seq by Tissue
Digestive system mE_mRNA_L3_Wand_dig_sys FBlc0000227 mE_mRNA_A_1d_dig_sys FBlc0000219 mE_mRNA_A_4d_dig_sys FBlc0000223 mE_mRNA_A_20d_dig_sys FBlc0000221
Fat body and salivary glands mE_mRNA_L3_Wand_fat FBlc0000228 mE_mRNA_WPP_fat FBlc0000233 mE_mRNA_P8_fat FBlc0000235 mE_mRNA_L3_Wand_saliv FBlc0000230 mE_mRNA_WPP_saliv FBlc0000234
Imaginal disc and other carcass mE_mRNA_L3_Wand_imag_disc FBlc0000229 mE_mRNA_L3_Wand_carcass FBlc0000226 mE_mRNA_A_1d_carcass FBlc0000218 mE_mRNA_A_4d_carcass FBlc0000222 mE_mRNA_A_20d_carcass FBlc0000220
CNS and adult head mE_mRNA_L3_CNS FBlc0000225 mE_mRNA_P8_CNS FBlc0000224 mE_mRNA_A_MateM_1d_head FBlc0000209 mE_mRNA_A_MateM_4d_head FBlc0000216 mE_mRNA_A_MateM_20d_head FBlc0000214 mE_mRNA_A_VirF_1d_head FBlc0000210 mE_mRNA_A_VirF_4d_head FBlc0000211 mE_mRNA_A_VirF_20d_head FBlc0000231 mE_mRNA_A_MateF_1d_head FBlc0000207 mE_mRNA_A_MateF_4d_head FBlc0000213 mE_mRNA_A_MateF_20d_head FBlc0000212
Gonads and male accessory glands mE_mRNA_A_MateM_4d_testis FBlc0000217 mE_mRNA_A_MateM_4d_acc_gland FBlc0000215 mE_mRNA_A_VirF_4d_ovary FBlc0000232 mE_mRNA_A_MateF_4d_ovary FBlc0000208
Aberrations
Deleted segment. Indicated in red. When one or more aberrations overlap the region being viewed, a darker red bar labeled "Spanning aberration(s)" will be seen. When moused-over, a pop-up box containing all the aberrations that span the region being viewed will appear. Click one of the aberration symbols to go to the Aberration Report::/static_pages/newhelp/aberrations_help2.html.
Duplicated segment. Indicated in blue. When one or more aberrations cover the region being viewed, a darker blue bar labeled "Spanning aberration(s)" will be seen. When moused-over, a pop-up box containing all the aberrations that cover the region being viewed will appear. Click one of the aberration symbols to go to the Aberration Report::/static_pages/newhelp/aberrations_help2.html.
Stock Center Data: Aberrations
Stock center aberration: deleted segment. Indicated in red. When one or more aberrations overlap the region being viewed, a darker red bar will be seen. When moused-over, a pop-up box containing all the aberrations that span the region being viewed will appear. Click one of the aberration symbols to go to the Aberration Report.
Stock center aberration: duplicated segment Indicated in blue. When one or more aberrations cover the region being viewed, a darker blue bar labelled "Spanning aberration(s)" will be seen. When moused-over, a pop-up box containing all the aberrations that cover the region being viewed will appear. Click one of the aberration symbols to go to the Aberration Report::/static_pages/newhelp/aberrations_help2.html.
The Bloomington Deficiency Kit: The Bloomington Deficiency Kit is a set of stocks defined by the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (BDSC) to provide maximal coverage of the genome with the minimal number of deficiencies having molecularly mapped breakpoints. The BDSC Deficiency Kit also includes deficiencies with breakpoints that have not been mapped molecularly, primarily to provide coverage of gaps between the molecularly defined deficiencies. Since the ends of cytologically characterized deficiencies cannot be placed on the genome map with certainty, the BDSC has defined segments of these deficiencies that fill gaps in molecularly defined coverage for GBrowse display. The endpoints of gap filling segments are derived primarily from overlapping deficiency endpoints and complementation with annotated genes.
BDSC Deficiency Kit deleted segment Molecularly defined deficiencies are indicated in red. Click the deficiency to go to the Aberration Report.
BDSC Deficiency Kit gap filling or haploinsufficiency flanking segment Segments of cytologically defined deficiencies that fill gaps between molecularly defined deficiencies or flank haploinsufficient loci are indicated in yellow. Click the segment icon to go to the Aberration Report for the full deficiency.
Transgene Insertions in Stock Collections
Insertions, Bloomington Insertions in the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center collection.
Insertions, Harvard Insertions in the Exelixis Collection at Harvard Medical School.
Insertions, Kyoto Insertions in the Drosophila Genetic Resource Center collection.
Clones
Tiling BACs Tiling BAC Indicated by narrow gray bar. BAC genomic clones used by the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project as part of the minimal tiling path used for determination of the D. melanogaster genomic sequence (FBrf0155823).
Aligned cDNAs cDNA and other aligned sequences Indicated in dark green. D. melanogaster cDNA sequences submitted to the sequence databases; shows the exon (wider bars) and intron (narrow bars) structure, and direction of transcription. Sequences submitted prior to 2003 aligned using sim4 (Florea, et al., 1998, Genome Res. 8:967-74) or sim4tandem (sim4 modified by S. Shu, BDGP) to Release 3 by the BDGP and promoted to Releases 4 and 5 by FlyBase. Sequences submitted since 2003 aligned to Releases 4 and 5 by NCBI and submitted to FlyBase.
Reagents and Data
DRSC RNAi amplicons FBlc0000026 DNA fragments amplified from D. melanogaster genomic DNA (OregonR) by the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC), using gene-specific primers made by Incyte and designed to target transcribed regions with minimal sequence similarity to other genes. Used for the DGRC-D.melanogaster-DGRC1-15552-v5 amplicon microarray, release date June 2, 2006 (original release of v1, May 2004) . For further information see the DGRC-1 library collection report.
VDRC RNAi reagent FBlc0000041, FBlc0000055 Segment used to create inverted repeat in RNAi construct from the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center (FBrf0200327). "GD" identifer also used for allele and construct symbols.
TRiP RNAi amplicons FBlc0000048, FBlc0000153, FBlc0000185, FBlc0000186, FBlc0000416
BKNAmplicons FBlc0000030 RNAi amplicons from the GenomeRNAi database. Extents of the amplicons are indicated with an orange bar.
HFAAmplicons FBlc0000031 RNAi amplicons from the GenomeRNAi database. Extents of the amplicons are indicated with an orange bar.
Putative brain enhancers (Pfeiffer et al) FBlc0000201